Does gastrointestinal mucus play a role in ASD?

A recent research review suggests that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other neurological conditions may cause changes in gut mucus, and these changes in turn may worsen symptoms of these conditions.

The study’s senior author, Elisa HillYardin, notes, “Mucus is a critical protective layer that helps balance good and bad bacteria in your gut, but you need just the right amount—not too little and not too much. Researchers have previously shown that changes to intestinal mucus affect the balance of bacteria in the gut but until now, no one has made the connection between gut mucus and the brain.”

The researchers analyzed data from 113 neurological, gut, and microbiology studies. They found that people with ASD, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis have different types of bacteria in their gut mucus compared to neurotypical controls, and have different ratios of beneficial and harmful bacteria.

The researchers note that the gut has its own neuronal network, the enteric nervous system, which regulates mucus secretion and renewal. They say, “We propose that factors that influence the nervous system may also affect the volume, viscosity, and porosity of mucus composition and subsequently, gastrointestinal microbial populations.” They add, “Since some microbes use mucus as a prominent energy source, changes in mucus properties could alter, and even exacerbate, dysbiosis related gut symptoms in neurological disorders.”

Hill-Yardin concludes, “If we can understand the role that gut mucus plays in brain disease, we can try to develop treatments that harness this precise part of the gut-brain axis.”

—

“The role of the gastrointestinal mucus in intestinal homeostasis: implications for neurological disorders,” Madushani Herath, Suzanne Hosie, Joel C. Bornstein, Ashley E. Franks, and Elisa L. Hill Yardin, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, May 28, 2020 (free online). Address: Elisa Hill-Yardin, elisa.hill@rmit.edu.au.

—and—

“New gut-brain link: how gut mucus could help treat brain disorders,” Science Daily, May 29, 2020.

This article originally appeared in Autism Research Review International, Vol. 34, No. 3, 2020